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1.5.- IP subnetting support  

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Because OPSF attaches an IP address mask to each advertised route it supports what is known as IP-subnetting. The address mask indicates the range of addresses being described by a particular route. For example, a route to 128.185/16 is describing a single route to the range 128.185.0.0 to 128.185.255.255. Similary a route to 128.185.17.36/32 (or simply 128.185.17.36) advertises a route to a single host destination.
OSPF also supports what is known as variable-length subnetting. This means that a single IP class A, B, or C network number can be broken up into many subnets of various sizes.
OSPF rule for forwarding is: when an IP packet is forwarded, it is always forwarded to the network that is the best match for the packet's destination. Here, best match is synonymous with the longest or most specific match.
OSPF also supports IP-supernetting. This means that many separate networks may be contained in a single address range, just as a subnetted network is composed of many separate subnets. This is very important because Area Border Routers summarize the area contents and distribute this to the backbone, by advertising a single route for each address range. The cost of this summarized route is the maximum cost of any of the networks belonging to the specified range.